RQI Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• What is the maximum total lidocaine dose per kilogram allowed during pediatric resuscitation when used as an antiarrhythmic?
• Which of the following statements is true about post-ROSC oxygen therapy in pediatrics?
• During pediatric resuscitation, which airway management approach is preferred initially if ventilation is adequate?
• Where may padding be required when properly positioning a child older than 2 years to maintain a patent airway?
• Which of the following is required to appropriately ventilate a child with a flow-inflating bag?
• Where should defibrillator pads be placed on a small child?
• What is the maximum dose of magnesium sulfate for pediatric torsades de pointes?
• How is capnography used during pediatric CPR?
• What is the recommended chest compression depth for pediatric patients?
• Which diagnosis is most likely given an occasional barking cough that worsens at night in a young child?
• In the initial management of a child in respiratory distress, which monitoring should be used?
• Which statement best describes the rationale for defibrillation in pediatric VT/VF?
• Which of the following best describes crackles and grunting in terms of breathing phase?
• Which of the following optimizes chest compression fraction?
• What concentration of epinephrine is used for IV/IO dosing in pediatric arrest?
• Increased work of breathing can be associated with ______ airway resistance and/or ______ lung compliance.
• What endotracheal tube sizing adjustment is recommended to avoid subglottic injury in a child at risk for respiratory failure?
• Which method should be used to confirm endotracheal tube depth in pediatric patients and may require imaging if needed?
• Which action supports maintaining flow and reducing fatigue during pediatric CPR?
• Which action best demonstrates the Team Leader's role during a resuscitation?
• Which of the following should be included when giving breaths to an infant?
• What is the typical EtCO2 target during pediatric CPR?
• What result should you anticipate from nebulized treatment in a child with croup?
• In the scenario described, speaking only in phrases indicates what level of distress?
• How should a child with SVT be managed if hemodynamically stable?
• Which PAT component assesses perfusion to the skin as part of the initial assessment?
• The acronym 'Hs and Ts' in PALS refers to what?
• What is the maximum total dose of amiodarone allowed in pediatric VT/VF arrest?
• Which sound is typically heard during expiration?
• What should you do if you cannot achieve effective ventilation with a bag-mask device?
• Which is a key goal of post-ROSC care in pediatric patients?
• What is the primary mechanism of small airways obstruction in an acute lower airway obstruction?
• In pediatric septic shock with suspected hypoperfusion, what is the recommended initial fluid resuscitation volume per bolus?
• When is transcutaneous pacing considered for pediatric bradycardia?
• Which statement correctly describes stridor and wheezing?
• What is the maximum single-dose epinephrine for pediatric anaphylaxis?
• During pediatric cardiac arrest with VT/VF, what is the initial shock energy?
• When might a two-person bag-mask technique be preferable?
• Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful?
• Crackles are heard during which phase of the breathing cycle?
• If bag-valve-mask ventilation is not providing adequate ventilation, what is the next step?
• What is the purpose of capnography during intubation in pediatric resuscitation?
• Which test best demonstrates reversible airway obstruction in suspected asthma?
• Which is a characteristic of muscle weakness?
• Which item should be included in the history when asking about medications?
• What adjunctive treatments may accompany epinephrine in pediatric anaphylaxis?
• What is the definition of oxygen saturation?
• What statement about nebulized epinephrine in croup is most accurate?
• Which finding is most consistent with lower airway obstruction in pediatric patients?
• What is the recommended energy dose for the second defibrillation in pediatric VT/VF after the first shock?
• For small children, defibrillator pad placement options include anterior-posterior or anterolateral depending on size. Which of the following is true?
• In synchronized cardioversion for pediatric tachyarrhythmias, to what energy should the initial shock be escalated if needed?
• What is the recommended initial treatment for a mild allergic reaction?
• What is the initial defibrillation energy dose for pediatric VT/VF during arrest?
• For pediatric anaphylaxis with airway compromise, what is the initial dose and route of epinephrine?
• What IV/IO dose of epinephrine is used in pediatric arrest?
• In the event of a pediatric anaphylaxis with persistent airway edema, what additional therapies are commonly used after epinephrine?
• Which fluid bolus amount is recommended for pediatric sepsis resuscitation as the initial step?
• What is the recommended two-rescuer CPR ratio for pediatric arrests?
• Which fluid is categorized as an isotonic crystalloid used for the initial bolus?
• Which statement best describes the initial oxygenation during bag-valve-mask ventilation in resuscitation?
• Which tool, if available, provides real-time guidance to maintain chest compression quality during CPR?
• How many total mL/kg of isotonic fluids may be given in the initial hour for septic shock?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a best example of a Team Member role?
• What is the maximum total dose of amiodarone allowed per pediatric VT/VF resuscitation?
• Which delivery method is appropriate for bronchodilator therapy in pediatric asthma episodes?
• Which of the following is considered a common reversible cause of pediatric arrest (the "T" in Hs and Ts)?
• What energy should be used for subsequent shocks in pediatric VT/VF?
• Magnesium sulfate should be considered in a child with asthma during which distress level?
• In pediatric CPR, what is the chest compression to ventilation ratio for two rescuers?
• In infants and toddlers, the tongue and epiglottis relative to those of an adult are:
• After cardiac arrest in infants and children, when is it reasonable to use electroencephalography to support a favorable or unfavorable neurological prognosis?
• During spontaneous breathing, what are the inspiratory muscles attempting to do?
• Which vital-sign monitoring is appropriate as part of initial management?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)?
• If a pediatric VT/VF arrest persists after the first shock, what antiarrhythmic can be given and at what dose?
• When using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer, what should you do?
• What is the racemic epinephrine dose for croup via nebulization?
• Which term describes high-pitched breathing during inspiration?
• Which of the following indicates severe respiratory distress?
• What is the recommended target SpO2 after ROSC in pediatric patients?
• What concentration is used for epinephrine when given intramuscularly for pediatric anaphylaxis?
• In pediatric septic shock with hypotension, what is the initial fluid bolus recommended?
• Which statement best defines oxygen saturation?
• Which statement is true about endotracheal tube sizing when rapid intubation is anticipated in children?
• Which of the following is considered a common reversible cause of pediatric arrest (the "H" in Hs and Ts)?
• Which of the following is a component of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle?
• What are the Hs and Ts that guide treatment during arrest?
• What is the role of end-tidal CO2 monitoring during intubation?
• Which initial question is useful in assessing asthma history?
• What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis in children?
• What is the recommended action to confirm defibrillator pad placement and ensure safety before shocking?
• Which pulse location is correct for an infant and a child?
• What information should be recorded when documenting a medication dosing event during PALS?
• How many amiodarone doses are typically given for pediatric VT/VF if needed?
• Which statement best describes the sniffing position for pediatric airway management?
• During PALS, how should you document a medication dosing event?
• When is noninvasive ventilation appropriate for pediatric respiratory failure?
• How often is epinephrine given during pediatric arrest with nonshockable rhythm?
• What is the primary purpose of the CPR Coach on a resuscitation team?
• In pediatric resuscitation, what is a common reversible cause associated with the "H" in Hs and Ts?
• What should be checked to ensure proper function of a bag-mask system?
• In the resuscitation setting, what is the recommended approach to oxygenation to avoid hyperoxia after ROSC?
• What is the role and dose range of magnesium sulfate in pediatric torsades de pointes?
• How long should high-quality CPR be performed before rechecking rhythm in pediatric arrest?
• Which monitoring confirms correct endotracheal tube placement during resuscitation?
• In pediatric cardiac arrest with a nonshockable rhythm, what is the first-line drug and its dose?
• During one-person bag-mask ventilation, what is the purpose of inserting an oral airway?
• Which of these factors can override brainstem control of breathing in an infant?
• In acute pediatric asthma with respiratory distress, what is a first-line treatment?
• What is the recommended fluid bolus for pediatric shock?
• What is a common post-arrest temperature management consideration in pediatric patients?
• What is the recommended chest compression rate during pediatric CPR?
• How can normal, spontaneous breathing be characterized?
• Which observation in infants suggests potential airway management challenges?
• Which of the following is required to properly ventilate a child with a flow-inflating bag?
• Which item is not included in the medication history according to the material?
• In positioning a child older than 2 years, where is padding commonly placed to help maintain a patent airway?
• Which description best matches normal spontaneous breathing in a calm child?
• Racemic epinephrine for croup can be repeated at what interval if needed?
• What is the maximum single dose of epinephrine for pediatric anaphylaxis?
• In suspected croup, in addition to humidified oxygen, which treatment would you consider?
• What is the best example of the Team Leader role?
• If persistent poor perfusion after initial fluids, what is the next recommended step in pediatric septic shock?
• How can the CPR Coach improve CPR quality in a resuscitation event?
• What is the dexamethasone dose for pediatric croup?
• What question should you ask as part of exploring the child’s history of asthma?
• In pediatric tachyarrhythmia with a wide QRS complex, what is the initial treatment?
• When may a 2-person bag-mask technique be preferable?
• Which is most likely to be present in a child who has respiratory distress (not respiratory failure)?
• What outcome indicates successful bag-mask ventilation in a child?
• If IV access is not readily obtainable during resuscitation, what alternative access is recommended?
• Which sign indicates poor perfusion in a child in shock?
• What chest compression rate is recommended for pediatric CPR?
• Which factor increases as airway resistance rises during breathing?
• In pediatric asthma management, which nonpharmacologic measure helps reduce triggers?
• Which option accurately completes the AVPU acronym?
• In a child with VT with a pulse who becomes unstable, what is the recommended immediate treatment?
• Which professional should be involved in ventilating and preparing for intubation for at-risk pediatric patients?
• Croup is a condition most commonly associated with which type of airway obstruction?
• For adenosine use in stable SVT in children, including dosing steps?
• Why do children develop hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia more quickly than adults?
• If a pulse oximeter indicates normal oxygenation, which condition may still be present?
• To minimize interruptions and maintain flow during resuscitation, which practice is recommended?
• The initial dose and maximums for adenosine when treating pediatric SVT?
• What are the three components of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) used at the initial patient assessment?
• Which monitor modality is most reliable for confirming correct endotracheal tube placement?
• What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for symptomatic bradycardia in PALS?
• Which statement best describes the mechanism of action of albuterol?
• In pediatric cardiogenic shock, which fluid strategy is recommended?
• What is the first-line antiarrhythmic in pediatric VT/VF if amiodarone is available?
• Where can you check a pulse on an infant and a child?
• What element of team dynamics describes when a team member needs to correct actions?
• When should the use of an endotracheal tube be considered in a child?
• The endotracheal dose of epinephrine in resuscitation is 0.1 mg/kg of 1:10,000 epinephrine diluted in how many mL saline?
• Which resuscitation strategy will result in an improved chest compression fraction?
• Which sign is most consistent with improvement after bronchodilator therapy in asthma?
• Bronchiolitis is listed as a common cause of which type of airway obstruction?
• If amiodarone is unavailable, what is a common alternative antiarrhythmic in pediatric resuscitation and its dose?
• What energy dose range is recommended for synchronized cardioversion in pediatric VT with a pulse?
• During a pediatric resuscitation, which team member is primarily responsible for assigning roles and positions to team members?
• Which statement best captures the role of capnography during CPR beyond confirming tube placement?
• For a pediatric patient with wide-QRS tachycardia who is unstable, what is the preferred initial rhythm-control intervention?
• In pediatric sepsis, when should vasopressors be started if fluids do not restore perfusion?
• Which high performance team member has the responsibility for assigning roles (positions)?
• What is the recommended initial approach to vascular access for code meds if IV access is delayed?
• What is an advantage of effective teamwork?
• Grunting occurs during which phase of the breathing cycle?
• Which complication may occur when bag-mask ventilation is used in a child with lower airway obstruction?
• Which component of effective high-performance teams is represented by the use of real-time feedback devices?
• What is a common adjunct therapy for refractory bronchospasm in pediatric asthma beyond albuterol?
• In infants and toddlers, the tongue and epiglottis, relative to those of an adult, are:
• Which routes are acceptable for epinephrine administration in pediatric resuscitation?
• Who should perform ventilation and prepare for intubation for infants and children at risk for respiratory failure?
• What is a key advantage of effective teamwork during resuscitation?
• What depth should chest compressions achieve in pediatric patients?
• Which delivery method is recommended for bronchodilator therapy during pediatric asthma episodes?
• What is the dosing of atropine for pediatric bradycardia?
• What actions are appropriate for a one-person bag-mask ventilation?
• How is the airway assessed?
• What is the recommended method for estimating endotracheal tube depth in pediatric patients during resuscitation?
• Weak central pulses indicate an immediate intervention for what condition?
• In suspected pediatric septic shock, which statement about managing cultures and antibiotics is correct?
• When should the evaluate-identify-intervene sequence be stopped?
• How is bradycardia with poor perfusion managed in a child with a pulse?
• Which of the following indicates mild respiratory distress?
• Which defibrillation energy is typical for the first shock in a pediatric patient using a biphasic device?
• In pediatric CPR, what is the chest compression to ventilation ratio for a single rescuer?
• If the child does not improve with medication, what is your next intervention to ensure oxygenation?
• For adenosine use in stable SVT in children, what is the maximum dose for the second dose if the first dose is ineffective?
• Which medication is commonly combined with bronchodilators for quick relief in asthma?
• Which systolic blood pressure indicates hypotension for children 1 to 10 years of age?
• Which do central chemoreceptors respond to?
• Which sign indicates compromised perfusion during resuscitation?
• In a child with severe anemia, increasing cardiac output may result in which effect on tissue oxygenation?
• In endotracheal administration, epinephrine is diluted in 3 mL saline. Which of the following describes this dilution?
• What is the maximum recommended pause duration for rhythm checks or defibrillation during CPR?
• The highest oxygen concentration a high-flow oxygen system can reliably deliver is greater than what percent?
• Which of the following is NOT a reversible cause listed in Hs and Ts?
• What do the letters in the abbreviation AVPU stand for when assessing neurological status?
• How is the sniffing position achieved in an infant or a child?
• Which is an appropriate intervention for an apnea child?
• Which action is essential for effective pressure-controlled ventilation with a pediatric bag-mask device when adjusting oxygen delivery?
• What is a key goal of high‑quality CPR in pediatric resuscitation?
• When is synchronized cardioversion indicated for pediatric tachyarrhythmias, and at what energy?
• Which is an ideal characteristic of face masks for ventilation?
• What should you primarily look for when assessing an infant's breathing?
• How is a tension pneumothorax in a child treated during resuscitation?
• How often should epinephrine be given during pediatric CPR?
• Which sign is a key part of assessing a child with suspected lower airway disease?
• In pediatric septic shock, when should vasopressors be started if fluids do not restore perfusion?
• Which of the following best describes IO access advantages during code events?
• Which action would you take for a child with severe asthma not responding to bronchodilators?
• Which item is NOT listed among the Hs and Ts that guide arrest management?
• What happens when airway resistance increases?
• In the described 6-year-old patient case, which value indicates suboptimal oxygenation?
• Which action is part of the initial management of a child in respiratory distress?
• In pediatric cardiogenic shock, which approach helps avoid fluid overload?
• Which maneuver helps maintain an open airway during bag-mask ventilation in a child?
• When is transcutaneous pacing considered in PALS?
• In pediatric septic shock, when should broad-spectrum IV antibiotics be started?
• Which statement best describes the CPR Coach's function on the resuscitation team?
• What is the role of H1/H2 antagonists in pediatric anaphylaxis management?
• In infants and children experiencing cardiac arrest with an initial nonshockable rhythm, what is the most appropriate action regarding epinephrine?
• Which reversible cause corresponds to the "T" in Hs and Ts that should be considered during resuscitation?